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Java interface vs abstract classes11/21/2023 ![]() However, both an interface and an abstract class can be used for that purpose while the first does not go in line with Martin’s suggestions about clean code. This comparison emphasizes the advantage of an abstract class over an interface focused on the calculation of the angle between two straight lines. They merely indicate the compliance from a developer that, for example, a class is serializable (java.io.Serializable) or cloneable () (, n.d.). Another type of interfaces are such without any declared method and are fully accepted as a marker interface. Both an abstract class and an interface can implement static methods. ![]() An interface allows only inheritance from another interface. Whatever an interface defines, it can be used anywhere and may enrich an object with specific behaviors. A default method is always public and is in contrast to an abstract method that accepts either default, protected, or public as an access modifier. Moreover, there is a small difference with a significant effect regarding possible access modifiers for a default method in interfaces. While member variables of an interface are explicitly public and final, an abstract class does not sanction their members about access modifiers. Consequently, both an abstract class and an interface approach each other regarding their features. A pure abstract class doing the same thing as a interface. It defines a certain way its extended classes will work while letting them some free space (the abstract methods) to be unique. Since Java 1.8, an interface can implement default methods to provide a general behavior (Panka, 2016). If a class implements an interface it have to propose all the services listed in the interface. An abstract class is ultimately very close to a concrete implementation. As methods in an abstract class can also be private, it makes such a class most appropriate for encapsulating private methods while breaking down the complexity of shared methods into smaller pieces. The polymorphism stops at that point, where a concrete implementation of a method becomes final. In Java, such tangible implementations can be explicitly emphasized with the annotation that indicates a deviation of manner (, n.d.). The abstract class can inherit features from another concrete or abstract class, and can enrich further behavior while adding interfaces. The distinguishable behavior is gained through declaring abstract methods, which need to be implemented in a specific class. Typically, an abstract class implements common behaviors and member variables across any concrete class, and its method might have already specified an interface. Both an interface as well as an abstract class can be instantiated in a manner of an anonymous class. In this article, the focus is on two of three kinds of supertypes they distinguish from their essential characteristics. Polymorphism is given when more than one class implements a particular method differently based on a class’s nature. Combining a super or an abstract class with some interfaces is also a wide acknowledged way for characterizing a concrete class. A supertype can be either a concrete class that is apparently not final, an abstract class or even one or more interfaces. Along with the hierarchy, its supertypes become a more general representation of the acting domain, and finally goes beyond that border and ends with the fact that almost everything is an object.
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